Comparing Self-disclosures and Disclosures of Co-Owned Private Relationship Information (COPRI) in the Workplace: Comfort, Frequencies, and Motivations for Disclosing

Individuals self-disclose (SD) private information to increase intimacy, build trust, and to give or receive social support. When private information is self-disclosed and shared between two people, it is co-owned. For individuals in romantic relationships their private information and co-owned private relationship information (COPRI) is shared in displaced contexts. One context in which such disclosures can be studied is the workplace, where differences in these two types of disclosures can be compared. A sample of 308 individuals was surveyed to compare differences between SDs and disclosures of COPRI in relation to comfort disclosing, disclosure frequency, motivations for disclosing. Additionally, comparisons between the SD and disclosure of COPRI topics were compared as they associated with work satisfaction. Findings suggest that individuals consider a greater number of private information categories when self-disclosing than when disclosing COPRI. Motivations for making SDs and disclosures of COPRI were similar overall but deviated slightly by topic. Overall, private topics relating to positive aspects of work and the disclosures of personal views and opinions were associated greater with work satisfaction. Future research could explore additional contexts to compare SDs and disclosures of COPRI

Throw Me a Bone! Modeling Meat Sharing Behaviors in Western Great Basin Households During the Late Archaic

Sharing is a common hunter-gatherer behavior, especially as it applies to faunal resources. Ethnoarchaeologists have documented the archaeological visibility of sharing behaviors. Methods exist by which to infer sharing from the analysis of zooarchaeological remains. An ethnographically derived model for meat sharing behaviors among Late Archaic households within North America’s Great Basin is proposed. Expected results are discussed

Pseudomorphic growth of InAs on misoriented GaAs for extending quantum cascade laser wavelength

The authors have studied the impact of epilayer strain on the deposition of InAs/GaAs on (100) and (111)B with 2 degrees offset toward 2-1-1 surfaces. Consequences of a 7% lattice mismatch between these orientations in the form of three-dimensional growth are less apparent for (111)B with 2 degrees offset toward 2-1-1 surfaces compared to (100). By exploring a range of molecular beam epitaxy process parameters for InAs/GaAs growth and utilizing scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, and Raman spectroscopy to evaluate the quality of these strained layers, the authors develop empirical models that describe the influence of the process conditions in regards to surface roughness with \u3e92% accuracy. The smoothest InAs/GaAs samples demonstrated average surface roughness of 0.08 nm for 10 um-squre areas, albeit at very low deposition rates. The authors have found the most important process conditions to be substrate temperature and deposition rate, leading us to believe that controlling diffusion length may be the key to reducing defects in severely strained structures. InGaAs/AlGaAs quantum cascade laser structures were also produced on (111)B with 2 degrees offset toward 2-1-1 to take advantage of the piezoelectric effect, and the modified laser transitions due to these effects were observed

Near-universal hospitalization of US emergency department patients with cancer and febrile neutropenia

IMPORTANCE: Febrile neutropenia (FN) is the most common oncologic emergency and is among the most deadly. Guidelines recommend risk stratification and outpatient management of both pediatric and adult FN patients deemed to be at low risk of complications or mortality, but our prior single-center research demonstrated that the vast majority (95%) are hospitalized. OBJECTIVE: From a nationwide perspective, to determine the proportion of cancer patients of all ages hospitalized after an emergency department (ED) visit for FN, and to analyze variability in hospitalization rates. Our a priori hypothesis was that >90% of US cancer-associated ED FN visits would end in hospitalization. DESIGN: Analysis of data from the Nationwide Emergency Department Sample, 2006-2014. SETTING: Stratified probability sample of all US ED visits. PARTICIPANTS: Inclusion criteria were: (1) Clinical Classification Software code indicating cancer, (2) diagnostic code indicating fever, and (3) diagnostic code indicating neutropenia. We excluded visits ending in transfer. EXPOSURE: The hospital at which the visit took place. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: Our main outcome is the proportion of ED FN visits ending in hospitalization, with an a priori hypothesis of >90%. Our secondary outcomes are: (a) hospitalization rates among subsets, and (b) proportion of variability in the hospitalization rate attributable to which hospital the patient visited, as measured by the intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC). RESULTS: Of 348,868 visits selected to be representative of all US ED visits, 94% ended in hospitalization (95% Confidence Interval [CI] 93-94%). Each additional decade of age conferred 1.23x increased odds of hospitalization. Those with private (92%), self-pay (92%), and other (93%) insurance were less likely to be hospitalized than those with public insurance (95%, odds ratios [OR] 0.74-0.76). Hospitalization was least likely at non-metropolitan hospitals (84%, OR 0.15 relative to metropolitan teaching hospitals), and was also less likely at metropolitan non-teaching hospitals (94%, OR 0.64 relative to metropolitan teaching hospitals). The ICC adjusted for hospital random effects and patient and hospital characteristics was 26% (95%CI 23-29%), indicating that 26% of the variability in hospitalization rate was attributable to which hospital the patient visited. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: Nearly all cancer-associated ED FN visits in the US end in hospitalization. Inter-hospital variation in hospitalization practices explains 26% of the limited variability in hospitalization decisions. Simple, objective tools are needed to improve risk stratification for ED FN patients

Types of greenspace and adolescent mental health and well-being in metropolitan London

The evidence suggests a link between greenspace and adolescent mental health. One limitation is the typically crude measure of greenspace quantity or greenness. We explored the roles of different types of greenspace in the mental health of 10- to 15-year-old adolescents living in London, using data from Understanding Society, a UK household longitudinal study. We used data on 1,879 adolescents from waves 1-8 (2009-2018). As some adolescents had observations at multiple waves, 4,217 observations were included. Mental health and well-being measures were Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire scores, self-esteem, and happiness. Proportions of green land cover, parks & gardens, natural & semi-natural urban greenspaces, outdoor sports facilities, and total green land use were measured in 500 m around postcodes. We ran linear regressions, stratified by age, adjusted for confounders, and accounting for Understanding Society’s complex sampling design. We did not find consistent results across analyses, but we identified patterns worth exploring further: older adolescents (13-15 years) seemed to ‘benefit’ more from greenspace than younger adolescents (10-12 years); and parks & gardens and outdoor sports facilities seemed to be most ‘beneficial’. Overall, however, no clear conclusions can be drawn, and findings need to be confirmed in future studies

Heroically Protecting Our Arguments: Using Superheroes to Teach Inductive and Deductive Reasoning

Abstract Barkl, Porter, and Ginns, (2012) explain the importance of reasoning as it relates to fluid intelligence and an individual’s capacity to broaden their understanding of knowledge. With the difficulty many students find in recognizing examples of reasoning, this teaching activity uses student descriptions of superheroes to teach inductive and deductive reasoning skills. Educators are provided with the instructions to conduct a 50-minute lesson to explain these skills, allow students to form and recognize their own examples of inductive and deductive reasoning, and variations on how to conduct this assignment in both the physical and online classroom environments

A Survey of Mobile Technology Usage and Desires by Caregivers of Children with Cancer

Background The use of mobile health (mHealth) has grown exponentially, even by caregivers of vulnerable populations. The study objective was to understand mobile technology usage, barriers, and desires by caregivers of children with cancer. Procedure Paper surveys were mailed to caregivers of children diagnosed with cancer at Riley Hospital for Children between June 2015 and June 2017. The survey contained 13 questions, both fixed and open‐ended, and was sent in both English and Spanish up to three times. Results Respondents (n = 121) were primarily parents (93.2%), median age was 40.7 years (range 23–63), and most were white, non‐Hispanic (74.4%). The majority made under $100,000 annual household income (72.9%) and had an education of at least some college or greater (74.5%). Nearly all owned a smart phone (99.2%) and most (61.2%) owned a tablet. Among operating systems, the majority used iOS (62.8%), while 49.6% used Android. About a third (37.1%) reported no barriers to mobile technology use, but 22.4% experienced “data limitations.” Overall, 86.2% wanted at least one medical management website/app: medical knowledge (61.2%), symptom tracking/management (49.1%), and medication reminders (44.8%). Further, 62.1% wanted access to child's medical record and 58.6% wanted communication with medical providers. Lower education was significantly associated with experiencing phone/plan barriers (P = 0.008). Conclusion The majority of caregivers of children with cancer use mobile technology with minimal barriers; future research should focus on designing an mHealth tool to address the medical management needs by caregivers of children with cancer

Random Copolymers Outperform Gradient and Block Copolymers in Stabilizing Organic Photovoltaics

Recent advances have led to conjugated polymer‐based photovoltaic devices with efficiencies rivaling amorphous silicon. Nevertheless, these devices become less efficient over time due to changes in active layer morphology, thereby hindering their commercialization. Copolymer additives are a promising approach toward stabilizing blend morphologies; however, little is known about the impact of copolymer sequence, composition, and concentration. Herein, the impact of these parameters is determined by synthesizing random, block, and gradient copolymers with a poly(3‐hexylthiophene) (P3HT) backbone and side‐chain fullerenes (phenyl‐C61‐butyric acid methyl ester (PC61BM)). These copolymers are evaluated as compatibilizers in photovoltaic devices with P3HT:PC61BM as the active layer. The random copolymer with 20 mol% fullerene side chains and at 8 wt% concentration in the blend gives the most stable morphologies. Devices containing the random copolymer also exhibit higher and more stable power conversion efficiencies than the control device. Combined, these studies point to the random copolymer as a promising new scaffold for stabilizing bulk heterojunction photovoltaics.Photovoltaic devices made from conjugated polymers now exhibit efficiencies rivaling amorphous silicon; however, the poor longevity of these devices continues to stymie their commercial impact. Copolymer additives represent a promising solution, yet little is known about how the copolymer sequence, composition, and concentration influence their compatibilizing abilities. Herein, random copolymer additives lead to higher efficiency and longer‐lasting photovoltaic devices.Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/150505/1/adfm201900467.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/150505/2/adfm201900467_am.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/150505/3/adfm201900467-sup-0001-S1.pd